Causes of Hemorrhoids

Degenerative diseases seldom have simple, singular causes and haemorrhoids are no exception. Some causes are known and some remain unknown. Fortunately, in learning about the main causative factors set out below, it will become apparent that there are steps you can take to give your damaged hemorrhoid veins the best chance to repair themselves. Of most importance is the need to identify and as far as possible, to avoid the conditions that stressed the hemorrhoidal veins in the first place.

As mentioned elsewhere, the anus and rectal area is surrounded by an intricate system of veins designed to quickly drain the area of blood and return this blood to the liver and heart. Any factors that impede the blood flow through the veins will tend to build local pressure which without relief, will distend the blood vessels over time leading to the beginning of the symptoms associated with hemorrhoids.

1. Constipation. Constipation is considered one of the major causes of hemorrhoids because straining during defecation puts greater pressure on the hemorrhoidal veins.

2. Persistent diarrhoea (indicative of a serious disorder of the digestive tract) may also be implicated because the continuous irritation may inflame the anal veins.

3. Pregnancy often causes haemorrhoids due to hormonal changes combined with the increasing weight of the uterus where the latter puts pressure on the hemroid veins making it harder for them to convey blood. The condition normally resolves itself after childbirth.

4. Standing or sitting for prolonged periods, being overweight, not exercising enough, and smoking are contributing factors to haemorrhoids.

5. Ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease (both inflammatory bowel diseases) may cause haemorrhoids.

6. Cirrhosis of the liver may sometimes become a factor that leads to hemorrhoids because it can cause increased pressure within the portal vein that drains blood from the intestines to the liver.

7. Strenuous physical activity (particularly heavy lifting) may contribute and be a cause of hemorrhoids.

8. Psychological stress causing muscle tension that restricts blood flow can also trigger haemorrhoids.

9. Haemorrhoids (piles) can be a sign of general weakness of the veins (chronic venous insufficiency), particularly indicating damage to the internal non-return valves within the hemorrhoid veins, where the latter is often due to excessive stretching of the veins.

10. Persistent coughing or vomiting may put pressure on the anal veins and impede blood flow.

11. From our mid to late twenties, the aging process leads to a weakening of the support structures in the area, particularly if the diet is deficient or if digestion and/or absorption is poor.

Harvard Health Publications

American College of Gastroenterology